Eye movement dysfunction schizophrenia EEM Feb 1, 2000 · Smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction is considered to be a valid schizophrenia endophenotype. et al. 20 Since then, a considerable literature has consistently reported eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, reviewed by Wolf et al. Eye movement impairments. 58 The neural etiology of eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia is Aug 17, 2018 · Neuropsychological studies have shown that eye movement dysfunction is a clinical symptom of schizophrenia. Sacc … impairments. The stepwise canonical discriminant Jul 1, 2010 · Levin S. Among them, exploratory eye movements (EEM) dysfunction seems to be specific to schizophrenia. Frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. However, under normal viewing conditions Jul 13, 2018 · Background Widespread cortical gray matter alternations in people with schizophrenia are correlated with both psychotic symptoms and cognitive/behavioral abnormalities, including the impairments of exploratory eye movement (EEM). 115, 121, 193, 217, 219-221 Of course, as SZ is considered to be a cluster of several biologically different conditions, the clinical community cannot expect to cover all aspects by a single marker, 193 following an important note made by Sep 1, 2014 · A meta-analysis of 39 studies on smooth pursuit eye movement alterations in patients with disorders within the range of schizophrenia was published in 2008. In depression, only 8/21 patients [15], and only 51% of the cancer patients [9] had eye-movement disorders as a sign of WKS. A. Aug 5, 2015 · Eye movement abnormalities, including smooth pursuit eye movements, saccadic eye movements and exploratory eye movements (EEM), are among the most reproducible physiological dysfunctions associated with schizophrenia 4,5,6,7,8,9. 1973, 1974a) was a serendipitous byproduct of an empirical study designed to assess the integrity of the vestibular system in schizophrenia. Abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) 4 – 6, voluntary control of saccades 7 – 9 and exploratory eye movement behaviors 10 – 13 have been commonly observed. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common complex neuropsychiatric disorder with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to overall risk. e. 7% of the bariatric patients [12] presenting themselves with eye-movement disorders. To characterize oculomotor components and diagnostic specificity of eye tracking abnormalities in schizophrenia, we examined a large consecutively admitted series of psychotic patients and matched controls. Nov 27, 2019 · In this paper, we review recent research on eye movements in schizophrenia and discuss the prospects for eye movements as biomarkers for mental illnesses. g. The vast majority of 'high risk' studies support the view that The occurrence of ocular motor dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives is remarkably consistent, suggesting that abnormal smooth pursuit and saccadic oculomotion are heritable characteristics that can be used to identify gene carriers for schizophrenia. Exp Brain Res 182:399–413. Abnorm. 2 . The assessment of saccadic movements in schizophrenia patients as well as in clinical high-risk state for psychosis individuals (CHR) as a part of schizophrenia continuum may be useful in validation Jan 1, 2010 · Slaghuis WL, Hawkes A, Holthouse T, Bruno R (2007a) Eye movement and visual motion perception in schizophrenia I: apparent motion evoked smooth pursuit eye movement reveals a hidden dysfunction in smooth pursuit eye movement in schizophrenia. Consequently, we performed the discriminant analy … Feb 3, 2022 · Smooth pursuit eye movements are used to maintain focus on moving targets. Consequently, we performed the discriminant analysis between schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics on a large sample using the EEM test data and Oct 23, 2002 · The occurrence of ocular motor dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives is remarkably consistent, suggesting that abnormal smooth pursuit and saccadic oculomotion are heritable characteristics that can be used to identify gene carriers for schizophrenia. Recent studies have tried to refine the phenotype in order to identify the specific Oct 23, 2002 · The occurrence of ocular motor dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives is remarkably consistent, suggesting that abnormal smooth pursuit and saccadic oculomotion are heritable characteristics that can be used to identify gene carriers for schizophrenia. 44 A noteworthy example of research on exploratory eye movements in schizophrenia was conducted by Kojima and Matsushima et al. , Broerse et al. This study investigates eye movement dysfunction and brain activity alterations in CHR and first-episode schizophrenia (FSZ) individuals to identify early biomarkers for psychosis progression. The independent rediscovery of smooth pursuit eye movement impairment, otherwise known as eye tracking dysfunction (ETD), by Holzman and colleagues (Holzman et al. Aug 17, 2018 · Eye movements are considered endophenotypes of schizophrenia. 4% of the hyperemesis gravidarum patients [10], and 73. Sep 1, 2014 · The smooth pursuit deficits associated with schizophrenia were first observed by Diefendorf and Dodge (1908) and, since then, smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction has consistently been found in individuals with schizophrenia (O’Driscoll and Callahan, 2008, Smyrnis, 2008, Turetsky et al. , 2007). non-psychiatric controls. In individuals with schizophrenia, the most prominent saccadic abnormalities are inhibition errors and decreased spatial accuracy during volitional saccades (Broerse et al. , 2001). [PubMed: 6371223] Levin S, Jones A, Stark L, Merrin EL, Holzman PS. Discrepancies in individual study results have led to inconsistent conclusions regarding particular aspects of EMD in relatives of schizophrenia Jul 1, 2024 · Certain eye movement characteristics, such as exploratory eye movements, are recognised to change during development and can be influenced through reinforcement learning. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects for eye movements as biomarkers for mental Mar 1, 1998 · Eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia: characterization of component eye movement abnormalities, diagnostic specificity and the role of attention. Antisaccade errors and shorter scanpath length are known to be seen in other mental illnesses, such as mood disorders56, 57, and a recent study has shown that genetic factors associated with eye movement characteristics overlap across the spectrum of psychotic disorders. There are, however, relatively few studies that have explored eye movements to complex stimuli in subjects with schizophrenia. Results: Converging evidence points to the robust and specific nature of SPEM dysfunction in schizophrenia, and highlights the role of frontal lobe and a related network dysfunction. However Deficits in eye movement behavior among people with schizophrenia have been reported since the beginning of the 20th century. The availability of a biological marker specific to schizophrenia would be useful for clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Frequency distributions of individual study effect sizes for group comparisons, with mean D and 95% confidence intervals. However, the association between SPEM dysfunction and particular clinical symptoms remains unclear. The occurrence of ocular motor dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives is remarkably consistent, suggesting that abnormal smooth pursuit and saccadic oculomotion are heritable characteristics that can be used to identify gene carriers for schizophrenia. Apr 17, 2025 · Oculomotor dysfunction is a common symptom of schizophrenia, with several studies highlighting eye movement abnormalities in both schizophrenia patients and their relatives 5,6. The inclusion criteria for the patients with schizophrenia were as follows: (1) diagnosis of schizophrenia confirmed by two psychiatrists (); (2) age ≥ 18 and ≤ 40 years; (3) ≥ 5 years of education; (4) the dose and type of antipsychotics remaining stable for at In our previous studies, we identified that exploratory eye movement (EEM) dysfunction appears to be specific to schizophrenia. This work undertakes a scoping review of research on saccadic dysfunctions and exploratory eye movement deficits among patients with schizophrenia. Numerous neurophysiological markers (galvanic skin response and event-related potentials (P50 and P300)) and psychological markers (errors in continuous performance test, simple reaction time, smooth pursuit eye movement, closed-eye eye movement and exploratory eye movement) can detect this disability. Nov 24, 2021 · At present, some studies have reported the relationship between eye movement characteristics and brain morphology and structure in patients with schizophrenia, providing valuable reference for cognitive function and social dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia [85,86,87,88], and also providing objective theoretical basis for clinical Future studies should apply similar techniques to related disorders; longitudinal studies should also be performed to draw associations between psychopathology and prognosis on the one hand and altered eye-head movements on the other, likewise as it has already been explored in eye-movements studies , . Many mental disorders have been reported to have smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction, and some studies have suggested that cognitive function is also involved in this process (Lencer and Trillenberg Citation 2008). Discrepancies in individual study results have led to inconsistent conclusions regarding particular aspects of EMD in relatives of schizophrenia patients. Several forms of eye movement dysfunction (EMD) are regarded as promising candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia. 21 The literature for other major psychiatric disorders such as unipolar and bipolar Apr 8, 2019 · Background Oculomotor dysfunction is one of the most replicated findings in schizophrenia. In this article, we review the neurophysiological basis of eye movement control and eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia. Smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction in relatives of schizophrenia patients v. 1973; Levy et al. Oct 1, 2016 · Computational modelling of eye movement data is a promising way forward in schizophrenia research, but also for many other neuropsychiatric disorders where eye movement deficits are observed. J Abnorm Psychol 1994; 103 :222-230. [ 25 ]. Saccades are eye movements that shift the center of focus Attention was also given to the relationship between eye movement dysfunction and symptom profiles. Nov 27, 2019 · Modern research on eye movements in the field of psychiatry started with the rediscovery of smooth pursuit eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia. The participants were recruited from Peking University Sixth Hospital and assessed by outpatient physicians. It is unknown, however 3. 11 They measured eye movements during visual scanning of a lat‐ eral S‐shaped figure. We examined SPEM dysfunction in relation to schizophrenic symptoms using both the positive/negative dichotomy and the three-syndrome model. 1984; 18:27–55. Sep 27, 2016 · Eye movement measures with greater differences between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia (i. However the mechanism of EEM disturbances in schizophrenia patients remains elusive. In this study, we explored the susceptibility loci for four Apr 16, 2024 · 2. , smaller P-values) would be of most use in the classification, thus the seven eye movement measures described above were chosen as possible candidates for creating the integrated eye movement score. 9 As research progressed, findings in other characteristics, such as saccade control and exploratory eye movements (voluntary control of a sequence of saccades), have also been discovered. 3 The results of the Chinese Jun 15, 2023 · Eye movement changes in psychiatric disorders have been extensively studied, with schizophrenia being one of the most researched conditions in this regard. Suzuki et al. 1 Although multiple biological abnormalities are routinely found at the group level when SCZ subjects are compared with control groups, no abnormalities have been reported to date that have either the sensitivity of specificity to be of value The listed investigations showed that exploratory eye movement dysfunction appears to be specific to SZ. They exhibit eye movement abnormalities and brain functional damage compared with schizophrenia, potentially increasing vulnerability to psychosis. Citation: Shmukler A, Latanov AV, Karyakina M, Anisimov VN, Churikova MA, Sukhachevsky IS and Spektor VA (2021) Eye Movements and Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Network Dec 13, 2020 · The listed investigations showed that exploratory eye movement dysfunction appears to be specific to SZ. 75 ms period), accuracy (amplitude of the patient’s saccade divided by the amplitude of target movement expressed in percent), and latency (time between stimulus movement and the first eye movement of more than 108 Jan 3, 2023 · Introduction. SPEMs can be tested using an antisaccade task. 1993, 2000; Clementz and Sweeney 1990), at present there is no agreed explanation for the dysfunction. In early intervention studies of psychosis, the clinical high risk for psychosis syndrome (CHR) 1, 2 is now used to describe the potential risk stage for the development of psychotic disorders, and individuals in this stage exhibit attenuated psychotic symptoms and reduced functioning, but do not yet meet the criteria for first-episode psychosis. 1 Participants. Eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia: Characterization of component eye movement abnormalities, diagnostic specificity, and the role of attention. Feb 1, 2000 · The relationship between smooth pursuit eye movement and saccade dysfunctions in schizophrenia; Family and high risk studies of smooth pursuit eye movement; Development of smooth pursuit eye movement and saccade functions; Smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction and symptomatology; Conclusion; References; Article Metrics; Related Articles; Comments These findings indicate that impaired pursuit eye movements are a major cause of eye tracking impairments in schizophrenia, that tracking dysfunctions commonly occur in affective psychoses, and that markedly high rates of catch-up saccades during eye tracking may be specific to schizophrenia. 3. J. Said studies controlled variables such as pharmacological treatment or consumption of nicotine. Tracking of a moving target can be performed by two neuronal systems: 1) a smooth pursuit system that precisely matches the foveal area of the retina to the visual image of the target or 2) saccadic movements that rapidly bring the target image to the fovea. Example eye movement recordings during a Recently, studies evaluating eye movement characteristics as biomarkers for schizophrenia have attracted considerable attention. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Oct 23, 2002 · The occurrence of ocular motor dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and their first‐degree biological relatives is remarkably consistent, suggesting that abnormal smooth pursuit and saccadic oculomotion are heritable characteristics that can be used to identify gene carriers for schizophrenia. SPEMs are typically slow and steady. Nov 24, 2021 · At present, some studies have reported the relationship between eye movement characteristics and brain morphology and structure in patients with schizophrenia, providing valuable reference for cognitive function and social dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia [85–88], and also providing objective theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis Schizophrenia patients show abnormalities in many eye movement tasks. However, individuals with schizophrenia may demonstrate smaller, jerkier eye movements. Oct 1, 1999 · Numerous studies have examined smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia (for example, Lipton et al 1983, Gaebel 1989, Abel et al 1992, Radant and Hommer 1992). Increasing evidences indicate that exploratory eye movement (EEM) may be specific to schizophrenia 10,11,12,13. The most common abnormality in schizophrenic patients was low gain (slow) pursuit eye movements (47% of cases). In this study, we explored the susceptibility loci for four eye movement scores: the scanpath length during the free viewing test (SPL), the horizontal position gai … The exploratory eye movement (EEM) test involves the monitoring of eye movements while subjects freely view geometric figures. However, the genetic factors underlying eye movement are largely unknown. [25] Genetic factors are believed to be involved in these abnormalities, as unaffected relatives show similar dysfunction. Jan 20, 2024 · Introduction. , 2001, Calkins and Iacono, 2000, ∗Clementz, 1998, ∗Curtis et al. Pursuit and saccadic eye movement abnormalities were no more severe in Feb 14, 2001 · There have been a number of studies on smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) dysfunction in schizophrenia. To quantitatively evaluate a … Dec 1, 2008 · In addition to SPEMD, several other forms of eye movement dysfunction (EMD) have been implicated as candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia (e. J Psychiatr Res. However the association between saccadic abnormalities and particular clinical syndromes remains unclear. In the other two largest studies, eye-movement disorders were a prominent characteristic, with 86. 115, 121, 193, 217, 219-221 Of course, as SZ is considered to be a cluster of several biologically different conditions, the clinical community cannot expect to cover all aspects by a single marker, 193 following an important note made by Jan 22, 2009 · In our previous studies, we identified that exploratory eye movement (EEM) dysfunction appears to be specific to schizophrenia. 10 Atypical eye movements in unmedicated psychiatric patients were first reported in 1908. Saccadic eye movements were analyzed in terms of velocity (maximum velocity reached in a saccadic movement as measured over an 18. The present study found that patients in the MDD_D Nov 10, 2021 · Keywords: eye movements, anti-saccades, neurocognitive deficit, network analysis, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, processing speed. 1,2 Event-related potentials (ERP), P300, 3 P50 4 and mismatch negativity (MMN), 5,6 prepulse inhibition (PPI), 7,8 saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements 9–12 and working memory tasks 13,14 have been widely researched. Deficits in smooth pursuit and an excess of ‘jerky’ eye movements were one of the earliest reported Recently, impairments in visual information encoding processes indexed by novel gaze metrics have been frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, there is agreement about two main differences that are found in Feb 1, 2004 · Smooth pursuit eye movement abnormalities are among the most reproducible physiologic abnormalities associated with schizophrenia . Jun 15, 2024 · Sweeney, J. MethodTwenty-one schizophrenic patients (DSM-IV), 31 first-degree relatives of those patients without schizophrenic spectrum disorders, and two groups of healthy controls matched by age and sex were included. Google Scholar The aim of this study was to investigate whether eye movement disorders could be a vulnerability marker of schizophrenia. I. f = frequency of effect size. 3 Eye-movement disorders. First, one S‐shaped figure was shown to the participant, and then, a slightly different target figure was shown. Download: Download full-size image Fig. Jun 19, 2007 · Although the characteristics of the smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia have been extensively described (Holzman et al. (2009) performed discriminant analysis between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia subjects using EEM test data; consequently, clinically diagnosed schizophrenia patients were identified as having Several forms of eye movement dysfunction (EMD) are regarded as promising candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Oct 29, 2020 · What is eye movement dysfunction? Smooth pursuit eye movement is a visual tracking reflex evoked by a smoothly moving target, usually elicited by stimuli presented on a computer monitor. (7) By combining recent mathematical models of visual search and exploration, “eye movement training programs” for schizophrenia may improve visual cognition or social Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review Alexandra Wolf, PhD ,1,2* Kazuo Ueda, PhD 2 and Yoji Hirano, MD, PhD 3* Aim: Although eye-tracking technology expands beyond capturing eye data just for the sole purpose of ensuring participants maintain their gaze at the presented fixation Apr 24, 2023 · Smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEM) Smooth-pursuit eye movements are how the eyes follow objects that are in motion. 10 Feb 28, 2012 · MANY PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS have been performed in the search for a biological marker for schizophrenia. Particularly, the loss of gray matter density is specifically related to deficits of the responsive search score (RSS) of EEM in schizophrenia. Saccadic eye Dec 1, 2001 · The underlying disability in schizophrenia is widely believed to involve cognitive dysfunction. Dec 1, 2008 · Thus, like schizophrenia patients, the relatives of schizophrenia patients evidence global smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction. hycuol ahr dpcds zdi tcyriz gmllbxb nuvonv duim hmmrdi lhwmwb