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British battledress history. Learn about their design, purpose, and impact on history.


  • British battledress history. We strive to solve any problems as quickly as possible. Home / Costume Hire / World War Two (1939-1945) British Army Uniforms / British Officer – Battle Dress (1939-1945) The British Pattern 1949 BD Uniform underwent several changes to the 1940 pattern issue Battledress when it was adopted by the British Army after the Second World War, with broad lapels added to the Battle Dress Blouse, giving it an open-collar design similar to Canadian 1949 Pattern. WW2 BRITISH UNIFORMS from Tommy's MilitariaWW2, 1939 Dated Royal Scots Kilt Size 8. Though the change in uniform was initially disappointing to the British soldiers, the new battledress served its purpose well, clothing the servicemen for more than 25 years with reasonable warmth and Battle Dress Battle Dress was the specific title of a military uniform adopted by the British Army in the late 1930s and worn until the 1960s. g. Marked for deletion Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. Here are my questions: -Are there figures how many British Battledresses were used? Soldier's kit locker containing general-issue uniform (Army Air Corps). Jun 29, 2025 · Fantastic genuine unissued 1954 dated 49 pattern. 6 MB Total Downloads 3,179 Total Views 10,442 Series Men at Arms 112 Pages In File 49 Identifier 9780850453874,0850453879 Org File Size Jul 9, 2006 · Kriegsmarine British Battle-Dress by Doggowitz » 09 Jul 2006, 09:51 Hello, I am looking for information and especially photos (also Illustrations) for the Battledresses worn by Kriegsmarine personel (mainly U-Boat crews). Categories cover helmets and head-dress, uniform, anti-gas, personal and field gear, home front, deactivated ordinance, ARP and Home Guard, historical books, military manuals, etc. It was a hugely effective uniform design that other nations adopted and copied for themselves. Battledress (BD), [1] later named the No. A must-read for collectors and history enthusiasts. The standard uniform for all ranks of the Canadian Army during the Second World War was Serge Battledress. But with all its faults, battledress served its purpose well. This version would be produced until British Serge Battle Dress- 1937 Pattern- Gloucestershire regiment- Normandy 1944 British serge Battle Dress- 1940 Pattern- Gordon Highlanders- North Africa (1941-1943) British Tank Crew Uniform- North Africa (1940-1941) KD uniform- 51st Highland Division- Gordon Highlanders-North Africa (1942- 1943) Trooper- 1st SAS Regiment- North Africa Please find below our selection of British WW2 Uniforms including 37 and 40 pattern uniforms British Para Dension Smock and other British clothing. The parts of British Battledress were for Czechoslovak Military Units in USSR delivered via Murmansk (Arkhangelsk) Run from Great Britain. Also, these ones were used by Czechoslovak officers which were arriving to USSR from Great Britain or Middle East. jpg File Discussion Read View history Appearance From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository File File history File usage on Commons Metadata Download PDF - British Battledress 1937-61 [PDF] [2h2mapfoidcg]. Excellent Condition. 99 Complete with a wealth of photographs, diagrams and colour plates, this book offers a history of British battledress up to 1961, detailing its evolution in design, materials, sizes and applied insignia. 00 Select options WW2 British RAF officers cap £ 54. The combat uniform is generally camouflaged, either in monochrome such as a shade of green or brown to approximate the background, or in a Welcome to Ack-Ack Collectibles. uniform Jun 28, 2007 · With the Invasion of Italy, US Lend Lease Battledress uniforms were often worn (although not worn in Europe). Whether the battledress for European campaigns, the paratrooper smocks for airborne operations, or the desert attire for North Africa, each uniform was meticulously designed for function and durability. Front and rear views of a soldier of the Royal Welch Fusiliers with 1937 pattern web equipment, Normandy, August 1944 1937 pattern web equipment (also known as '37 webbing'), officially known as "Equipment, Web 1937" and "Pattern 1937 Equipment" [1] was the British military load-carrying equipment used during the Second World War. The battledress is a 1940 pattern and was probably made in late 1940. He was an agent for British military manufacturers and outfitters. At the end of the 1930s more than a few British Army Drill Sergeants must have suffered nightmares after the announcemen Jan 1, 1981 · Complete with a wealth of photographs, diagrams and colour plates, this book offers a history of British battledress up to 1961, detailing its evolution in design, materials, sizes and applied insignia. 99 Select options WW2 British RAF officers cap Group Captain £ 54. However, the pocket buttons were still exposed and the collar was meant to be worn open. British Battledress 1937-61 КНИГИ ;ВОЕННАЯ ИСТОРИЯ British Battledress 1937-61 (Men-at-arms 112)ByBrian Jewell, Mike ChappellPublisher:Os Publishing1981 48PagesISBN: 0850453879PDF22 MBIn the 1930s the War Office grew increasingly aware of the need for a new and more rational combat dress, and by 1937 the design for what would become known as 'battledress' was complete The British Army developed Battle Dress in the late 1930s as a standard work and combat uniform, which consisted of khaki cargo trousers and a short jacket. SD was totally unsuitable for modern warfare and was largely unchanged from the late Victorian era and a revamp was necessary. Several other nations also produced variants of Battle Dress during the Second World War, including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, and South Africa, and after the Second World War, including Belgium and The Netherlands. [1] While soldiers originally only wore a single uniform for all occasions—including ceremonial parades, work parties or in the field—later they were issued with Jan 2, 2015 · warreplica specializes in high-quality military replicas from ww1 and ww2. [46] By the start of the Second World War, the British Army prohibited all identifying marks on its Battle Explore a wide range of our British Battledress selection. This article delves into the history and significance of these uniforms, exploring May 13, 2025 · Discover the different types of British military uniforms worn during World War II, including the battledress, commando gear, and RAF flight suits. [1] Uniforms in the British Army are specific to the regiment (or corps) to which a soldier belongs. May 31, 2025 · The Evolution of WWII British Uniforms The British Army's uniforms during World War II evolved significantly from the more traditional, formal attire of World War I to practical, combat-ready gear designed for mobility and protection. Battle Dress also May 10, 2025 · Arquebus Krigshistorisk Museum Norway WW2 Norw. The British Pattern 1949 BD Uniform underwent several changes to the 1940 pattern issue Battledress when it was adopted by the British Army after the Second World War, with broad lapels added to the Battle Dress Blouse, giving it an open-collar design similar to Canadian 1949 Pattern. 00 – £ 299. perfect for collectors, reenactors, and history enthusiasts, our products bring history to life with precision and attention to detail. 91 MB Oct 10, 2020 · 256 pages : 29 cm Delineates the evolution of uniforms from the wars of European succession to the present, placing their development in historical contexts and considering such factors as geography, strategy, and technological developments Includes bibliographical references (pages 247-251) and index 1. The set consists of the Serge Battle Dress Uniform, Cap, Black toe-cap boots and gaiters, 1937 pattern web belt. In the late- and post-Cold War era, the term battle dress uniform (BDU; from an American uniform of the same name) is used most often to describe combat uniforms in general. It charts the evolution of the British soldier from the Seven Years War right up to the campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan. Australia & NZ - 2 to 12 weeks. Australia & NZ - 2 to 6 weeks. This illustration depicts a soldier on work party detail equipped with a shovel. personnel £ 139. Nov 12, 2023 · Battledress was the specific title of a military uniform adopted by the British Army in the late 1930s and worn until the 1960s. Code: 11548 SOLD 1 2 3 Next Showing 1 to 60 of 174 items Back up a level 19th Century World War 1 World War 2 A combat uniform, field uniform, or battledress, is a type of uniform used in combat, as opposed to dress uniforms worn in functions and parades. Other ranks, as well as officers, now wore it with a collared shirt and tie (although the RAF always had done Download British Battledress 1937–61 PDFTitle British Battledress 1937–61 Author Brian Jewell Mike Chappell Tags World War 2 Modern Warfare History Nonfiction War World War II War War Military Fiction Language English Year 1981. The standard uniform of all British formations during the June 6, 1944 invasion was the brown (khaki) wool Battle Dress. By examining these iconic war uniforms, we gain a deeper appreciation for the sacrifices of WWII. jpg 4,032 × 3,024; 3. Apr 22, 2025 · The Battle Dress was one of the most commonly worn military uniforms of the British Army during the war and became an iconic symbol of the British soldier. 300 pages, is the main reference for study of the British emblems found on combat uniforms. 26 Pages 48 File Size 22. This uniform was based on contemporary ski wear and was the most advanced military uniform in the world on its introduction. 5:Battle Dress)-Queens Surrey Regiment, Major (1949-1961) BEA-Bomb Disposal Suit British 1968 DPM Combat Uniform set British Army- Number 2 Dress Uniform- S/Sgt, RMP ( 1970-1991) British DPM May 27, 2025 · Discover the different types of WWII British uniforms, including the iconic Royal Army Jacket and D-Day Uniform. Design and Features: This is the British Battledress 1937-61 Military History Book by Osprey Publishing. In summary, World War II saw an evolution in British officer uniforms, from traditional and ceremonial attire to more practical and functional designs. The battledress may be either monochrome (often a shade of green or brown) or in a camouflage pattern. 99 Select options WW2 British Army ladies ATS service dress skirt £ 59. Since I understand British English. This authentic garment is a tribute to the enduring spirit of the Great Britain's Army, reflecting the era from 1945 to the present. It has a line This is our basic uniform set for a 1940 (1942) British Infantry. 03. and has 40 pages. It clothed the servicemen of many nations, at war and at peace, for more than 25 years, and did so with reasonable warmth and convenience. Apr 1, 2025 · If you’re looking for a WWII British P37 Battledress Jacket Tunic, a WW1 American Army Full Uniform, or a WW1 German Uniform, there are numerous options out there for reenactors, collectors, and history enthusiasts alike. Army Den norske brigaden Skottlandsbrigaden British battledress 4 Air force NRAF 5 US Army 99th Battalion equipment mannequins etc (2023) IMG 5385. For production we used only natural materials, and the main material is our well-known woolen fabric, that we have been using for a long time to produce our British Battledress uniforms. The need for greater mobility and functionality on the battlefield resulted in changes such as the introduction of battledress and the adoption of allied-inspired designs. In the late 19th century, the British empire at its height covered a huge part of the world map in pink and hundreds of thousands of officials and soldiers, both British and colonial, needed the elaborate insignia and uniforms due to their rank or civilian appointments. 62 MB This illustrated book, titled "British Battledress, 1937-61" is a nonfiction narrative that explores the history of military dress in the United Kingdom. Learn about their design, purpose, and impact on history. The private habitually carries a . The Battle Dress uniform was typically khaki or olive in color, providing some camouflage in the field. our collection includes helmets, uniforms, holsters, and accessories, all crafted for authenticity and durability. Happy new year. In American English, the term fatigues are often used, originally being a term for soldiers' work uniforms. Description This costume hire consists of the following; British KD or OD shirt- Reproduction 1939 pattern Denim Trousers and Tunic- Black Ammo Boots- Canvas gaiters and 1937 pattern belt- MkII steel helmet with net cover. The American War of Khaki drill or KD was the term for a type of fabric and the British military uniforms made from them. 5 Uniform, [2] was the combat uniform worn by British Commonwealth and Imperial forces through the Second World War. This had a fly front buttons, but exposed pocket buttons, and was darker in colour to the British Battledress. Several other nations also introduced variants of battledress during the Second World War, including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United St British Serge Battle Dress- 1937 Pattern- Gloucestershire regiment- Normandy 1944 Normandy landings and North-West Europe This uniform is that of a private soldier in the Gloucestershire regiment, 56th Independent Infantry Brigade, 49th Infantry Division. In British English, battledress is often the preferred name. Aug 25, 2018 · 1940 Pattern Battledress Blouse The British Army had introduced its revolutionary battledress uniform just prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. K forwarded us this infographic (SEE BELOW). Jan 30, 2022 · British First Pattern Denison Smock (1942) January 30, 2022 Camouflage, Great Britain and Commonwealth, World War 2 (1939 - 1945), WW2 Many of the Australian Army's customs and traditions have been inherited from the British Army, due to the nation's history as a former British colony and the Army's origins in the forces raised by each of the Australian colonies. History note The 1940 pattern Battledress (sometimes referred to as the 'utility' pattern) was devised as a wartime economy measure, dispensing with pocket pleats and the fly front, thus having exposed buttons, including those to the cuffs. May 23, 2025 · Ww2 Army Uniform British The British Army uniforms during World War II played a crucial role in the military's identity, morale, and overall effectiveness. The author, Brian Jewell, and illustrator, Mike Chappell, have created a comprehensive guide that covers the evolution of military dress in the UK. 5: Battle Dress ) (1949 – 1961) 1949-Officers BD Uniform (No. British Battledress Explained Battledress (BD), [1] later named the No. Feb 28, 2025 · Conclusion WW2 British uniforms played a critical role in military history, evolving to meet the challenges of different combat environments. WW2 British infantry combat uniform Battle of Normandy uniforms Elements of the British infantry uniform 01 - Mk2 steel helmet 02 - P-37 Battledress jacket 03 Aug 16, 2024 · Overall, the World War II Battledress Uniform exemplified a significant milestone in the history of British Army uniforms, reflecting a pragmatic approach to outfitting soldiers for the rigors of modern warfare. A fusion of the British battledress and US OD Field Jacket. Other nations introduced their own variants of battledress during the war, including Australia Aug 16, 2024 · Overall, the World War II Battledress Uniform exemplified a significant milestone in the history of British Army uniforms, reflecting a pragmatic approach to outfitting soldiers for the rigors of modern warfare. Some really stunning examples so check it out! History Bunker Ltd World War 1 and World War 2 reproduction military uniforms. The Canadian Battle Dress. The standard issue uniform for British soldiers—often referred to as the "Battledress"—was introduced in 1939 and became the staple throughout the war. According to Carlo D'Este, citing an eyewitness account by James Parton, while visiting the VII Bomber Command in England in 1942, Eisenhower openly admired a uniform jacket worn by Major General Ira C At the end of the 1930s more than a few British Army Drill Sergeants must have suffered nightmares after the announcement of a new uniform for the British soldier. The paler tan shade of KD was more suited to desert or semi-desert regions than the "dark khaki" or brown serge used in British Battledress. The website offers no Norwegian Army Uniform WW2 Liberation 1940s-50s British battledress Web ammo pouches belt Norsk Hæren britisk Færder militærhistoriske museum Military History Torås fort Tjøme Norway 2021-08-29 IMG 8918. 00 Select options WW2 British Army ATS battle dress trousers £ 89. Find top brands, exclusive offers, and unbeatable prices on eBay. Other nations introduced their own variants of battledress during the war, including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South National Servicemen wearing battledress in February 1952. Helmets Jackets Caps Gaiters Boots Belts Webbing Backpacks Pouches etc Forsvarsmuseet Oslo 2020-02-24 3041. Register for new stock as items arrive. It is noted for hidden brass buttons, pleated chest pockets, trouser belt loops and ankle tabs. Explore the RICH HISTORY and EVOLUTION of Military Uniforms in the UK 🇬🇧 ️. This new uniform aimed to provide greater comfort, durability, and practicality for soldiers. Nov 22, 2013 · Accordingly, the British army traded in its iconic crimson tunics for khaki battledress. The Pattern 40 version omits a lot of “luxurious” details from the Pattern 37 such as covering flaps for the buttons, exposing them, and pocket pleats. Having been a reenactor, by the way, I prefer the term battledress without the space. In my opinion its one of the best videos I've made, mainly because I've learnt h Extensively researched from official records Badges on Battle Dress is the first comprehensive history of the vast range of cloth badges that decorated the rough serge suit worn as the British Army’s main uniform for more than twenty years. 1949 Pattern Battle Dress Uniform (No. Discover fascinating insights and unique styles! Learn more! WW2 British Army Pattern 37 Battle Dress blouse £ 74. Explore how British soldier uniforms evolved and the history behind these classic war garments. The mixed green and brown fibres of the British battledress fabric matched the Complete with a wealth of photographs, diagrams and colour plates, this book offers a history of British battledress up to 1961, detailing its evolution in design, materials, sizes and applied insignia. Since 2006 the company and product range has grown rapidly and we now carry over 1000 product lines including WW1 British Army uniforms, WW1 Anzac uniforms, WW1 German uniforms, WW2 Soviet Red Army uniforms, WW2 Italian uniforms, WW2 Japanese uniforms as well as British Napoleonic, Crimean and Victorian uniforms A cheaper alternative – but battledress is still rare (and therefore not cheap) and there are problems with its pattern as this did change notably cuffs and pockets. O. 99 May 7, 2020 · Post WW2 British battle dress; field uniform M1951 American style; M1975 with 1980s equipment. Embrace a piece of history with our Vintage 1949 Pattern British Army Military Battledress Jacket, tailored for a 37” waist. A quick look at the three basic battledress patterns. Well Mar 4, 2025 · Discover the evolution of military uniforms, including WW2 British soldier uniforms, animated blue coats from the American Revolution, and British soldier costumes. The paler tan shade of KD was more suited to desert or semi-desert regions than the “dark khaki” or brown serge used in battledress. This two volume masterpiece with over 1. European Wars of Eighteenth-Century Absolutism 1700-63 -- 2. Contrary to dress uniforms, the battledress is 1950 Pattern Combat Dress In the early 1950s, the British Army introduced the 1950 Pattern Combat Dress to replace the wartime battledress and older service dress uniforms. 2,068 likes · 1 talking about this. The uniforms underwent various modifications and adaptations throughout the war, catering to the diverse environments and conditions faced by British troops. This page was a duplicate of British Battledress. Anyways when we were comparing them with the genuine, original WWII blouses and trousers of two main patterns of British Battledresses and the late modification of Serge pattern May 31, 2025 · Explore the definitive WWII British uniform guide with detailed insights into British Guardsman uniforms, World War 2 trousers, and how British uniforms compare to other countries during WWII. Second World War British battledress arm of service (corps) colours The use of divisional signs on uniform was discontinued by the regular army after the First World War, although when reformed in 1920, some territorial divisions continued to wear the signs they had adopted previously. 303 Number 4 Service Rifle and has a cotton bandolier of May 31, 2025 · British soldier equipment, with its iconic battledress and practical webbing, remains a symbol of the bravery and endurance of the soldiers who wore it. 99 Select options WW2 British RAF Group Captain uniform £ 289. It explains the origins of these badges from their adoption for khaki service dress in 1902 and their development and wider introduction in the First In the 1930s the War Office grew increasingly aware of the need for a new and more rational combat dress, and by 1937 the design for what would become known as 'battledress' was complete. Shop now for fast shipping and easy returns! World War II World War II British battledress arm of service (corps) colours By the start of the Second World War, the British Army prohibited all identifying marks on its Battle Dress uniforms in 1939 save for drab (black or white on khaki) regimental or corps (branch) slip-on titles, and even these were not to be worn in the field. Other nations introduced their own variants of battledress during the war, including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South Africa British Battledress BlousesRegarding designs of our battledress blouses and trousers these ones were moved from Panther-Store in the same and unchanged stage as they were used till summer of 2019 by Panther-Store. Several other nations also introduced variants of battledress during the Second World War, including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States of America (the E. T. In the 1930s the War Office grew increasingly aware of the need for a new and more rational combat dress, and by 1937 th The British Pattern 1949 BD Uniform underwent several changes to the 1940 pattern issue Battledress when it was adopted by the British Army after the Second World War, with broad lapels added to the Battle Dress Blouse, giving it an open-collar design similar to Canadian 1949 Pattern. Battledress stock from WW2 was still being worn at BRNC Dartmouth by Officers under Training (OUTs – now known as cadets or YOs – Young Officers) until the late 1980s. It replaced the 1908 pattern and 1925 pattern—on which it was . With over 20 years of collecting experience, we offer superb examples of original military and home front collectibles. May 3, 2020 · The impending German invasion after the Fall of France in 1940 as well as wartime scarcity caused Britain to simplify the Pattern 37 Battledress uniform in order to save manufacturing time and material. History note The first pattern of the Battledress uniform adopted to replace the Service Dress as a universal field and service dress uniform for wear by all ranks of the British Army. Norwegian living history group portraying norwegian armed forces before and during WWII. Battledress (BD), later named the No. The term "battledress blouse" being even more suspicious to american ears, as only a woman would call their top a blouse, and only a woman would wear a dress. hello everyone. military abroad Uniforms 3 Hæren Norw. Battledress, British, sounds good. Badges on Batteldress with the subtitle 'An Illustrated History of the Cloth Insignia Worn on Khaki and Jungle Green by Britain's Armed Forces 1939 to 1967' by Jon Mills is one of the best documented, researched books about British cloth insignia's out there. Battledress was introduced into the British Army just before the start of the war and worn until the 1960s. The most commonly seen pattern of BD of British forces during the invasion was the Pattern'37 (known as Battle Dress Serge). In the early part of the North African Campaign and the Mediterranean theatre, British troops wore KD shorts or slacks with long-sleeved Aertex -fabric shirts. Adopted by the British in 1937 and by Canada in 1939, it was worn History note British 1940 pattern Battledress blouse (with Czech national titles, Army Flashes and set of Czech and British medal ribbons) associated with the post-1942 Second World War Army service (in the Free Czech Forces) of Private F Frankl. 5 Uniform, was the combat uniform worn by British Commonwealth and Imperial forces through the Second World War. From 1941, Army battledress was approved for use by Royal Navy personnel until 1943, when a Navy Blue version of battledress was introduced to be used only by the Royal Navy. Eisenhower had already requested a waist-cropped style stemming from his appreciation of the functionality of the British Battledress jacket. In American English, the term fatigues is often used, originally being a term for soldiers' work uniforms. Perfect for collectors and history enthusiasts. Full dress presents the most A two-piece woollen serge uniform introduced in 1937 to replace the old Service Dress (SD). The uniforms of the British Army currently exist in twelve categories ranging from ceremonial uniforms to combat dress (with full dress uniform and frock coats listed in addition). Khaki Drill was worn as a combat uniform from 1900 to 1949 and was most often used in desert and tropical service. 5: Battle Dress)- Royal Artillery Corporal (1949 – 1961) 1949 Pattern-National Service Uniform- (No. It was designed to be comfortable and practical. Other ranks, as well as officers, now wore it with a collared shirt and tie (although the RAF always had done Aug 26, 2015 · The post-WW2 versions of the British Battledress re-introduced some features of the Pattern 37 such as covered buttons on the main opening and pleated pockets. British Khaki Drill Tropical Uniform- North Africa (1942-1943) In the early campaigns in North Africa and the Mediterranean theatre, British troops wore KD shorts or slacks with long sleeved Aertex shirts. However, I stumbled across an interesting jacket that I couldn't pass up on and thought I would share it here. Battledress was the specific title of a military uniform adopted by the British Army in the late 1930s and worn until the 1960s. Norske Infanteriregimenter, Oslo. A variant, still referred to a Khaki Drill or KD's, is worn by the UK Armed Forces in noncombatant warm weather countries where the British are actively serving (e. A battledress is a type of uniform used as combat uniforms, as opposed to dress uniforms or formal uniform worn at parades and functions. A READER FROM THE U. I present to you my first upload of the year. Various designs were trialled and it came down to two choices: a cotton drill design not dissimilar to more modern combat clothing, and a curious khaki woollen affair - Battle Mar 5, 2025 · Explore the transformation of military uniforms, focusing on German army attire in the early 1900s and the development of the British Battledress during World War II. British Battledress 1937–61 [PDF] [7r10cjql4200]. Brian Jewell, tells the story May 12, 2023 · A nice selection of WW2 Battledress Uniforms for Sale across our partner sites. Whether you're a history buff, a collector, or preparing for reenactments, understanding this gear's details and how it stacks up against German and American counterparts is crucial. However, despite these changes, British officer uniforms always Oct 30, 2024 · I haven't been buying much militaria lately and mainly have been focusing on downsizing my collection. Apr 9, 2011 · 1st pattern EM's ETO jacket. Battledress was issued widely beginning in 1939 in the British Army (as well as the Canadian Army, who produced their own, almost identical, copy of Battledress after the outbreak of war), though shortages meant that some units of the British Expeditionary Force went to France in Service Dress. In American English, the term fatigues has often been used by the Army, or utilities by the Marines, originally being a term for work uniforms. jpg 5,643 × 7,522; 7. Aug 1, 2015 · LCol (ret’d) Eric Slessor presenting a scroll to LCol Hugh Graham Brewer (wearing battle dress) Wikipedia has this to say about the trousers: “On the trousers, there was a large map pocket on the front near the left knee and a special pocket for a field dressing near the right front pocket (on the upper hip). vrwho tahbflr wdivfen vqzlx gdv mtnohwc efiik caaujdc veb ypoenvx